I1 . make out .
・ make out .
・ She couldn’t make out the subtle distinctions in the argument.
・ He finally made out what the encrypted message implied.
・ make out is to understand; or to see clearly.
make out
/ make out
・ She couldn’t make out the subtle distinctions in the argument.
/ She couldn’t make out the subtle distinctions in the argument.
・ She couldn’t make out the subtle distinctions in the argument.
・ He finally made out what the encrypted message implied.
/ He finally made out what the encrypted message implied.
・ He finally made out what the encrypted message implied.
I2 . make over .
・ make over .
・ They made over the old facility into a modern research hub.
・ She made over the document to give it a more polished structure.
・ make over is to renovate or redesign.
make over
/ make over
・ They made over the old facility into a modern research hub.
/ They made over the old facility into a modern research hub.
・ They made over the old facility into a modern research hub.
・ She made over the document to give it a more polished structure.
/ She made over the document to give it a more polished structure.
・ She made over the document to give it a more polished structure.
I3 . make up .
・ make up .
・ She made up an exceptionally compelling explanation.
・ They made up after the prolonged and unnecessary dispute.
・ make up is to invent; or to reconcile.
make up
/ make up
・ She made up an exceptionally compelling explanation.
/ She made up an exceptionally compelling explanation.
・ She made up an exceptionally compelling explanation.
・ They made up after the prolonged and unnecessary dispute.
/ They made up after the prolonged and unnecessary dispute.
・ They made up after the prolonged and unnecessary dispute.
I4 . make up for .
・ make up for .
・ The team made up for earlier setbacks with extraordinary progress.
・ She made up for the delay by delivering a remarkably thorough report.
・ make up for is to compensate.
make up for
/ make up for
・ The team made up for earlier setbacks with extraordinary progress.
/ The team made up for earlier setbacks with extraordinary progress.
・ The team made up for earlier setbacks with extraordinary progress.
・ She made up for the delay by delivering a remarkably thorough report.
/ She made up for the delay by delivering a remarkably thorough report.
・ She made up for the delay by delivering a remarkably thorough report.
I5 . mark down .
・ mark down .
・ The store marked down several items during the clearance.
・ She marked down key points for future reference.
・ mark down is to reduce price; or write down.
mark down
/ mark down
・ The store marked down several items during the clearance.
/ The store marked down several items during the clearance.
・ The store marked down several items during the clearance.
・ She marked down key points for future reference.
/ She marked down key points for future reference.
・ She marked down key points for future reference.
I6 . measure up to .
・ measure up to .
・ The results didn’t measure up to the committee’s rigorous standards.
・ She measured up to expectations with admirable consistency.
・ measure up to is to meet a standard.
measure up to
/ measure up to
・ The results didn’t measure up to the committee’s rigorous standards.
/ The results didn’t measure up to the committee’s rigorous standards.
・ The results didn’t measure up to the committee’s rigorous standards.
・ She measured up to expectations with admirable consistency.
/ She measured up to expectations with admirable consistency.
・ She measured up to expectations with admirable consistency.
I7 . meet with .
・ meet with .
・ The proposal met with considerable resistance.
・ She met with enthusiastic support from the academic community.
・ meet with is to encounter (reaction).
meet with
/ meet with
・ The proposal met with considerable resistance.
/ The proposal met with considerable resistance.
・ The proposal met with considerable resistance.
・ She met with enthusiastic support from the academic community.
/ She met with enthusiastic support from the academic community.
・ She met with enthusiastic support from the academic community.
I8 . mix up .
・ mix up .
・ He mixed up the files and caused significant confusion.
・ She mixed up several terms during the intense discussion.
・ mix up is to confuse.
mix up
/ mix up
・ He mixed up the files and caused significant confusion.
/ He mixed up the files and caused significant confusion.
・ He mixed up the files and caused significant confusion.
・ She mixed up several terms during the intense discussion.
/ She mixed up several terms during the intense discussion.
・ She mixed up several terms during the intense discussion.
I9 . move on .
・ move on .
・ After resolving the issue, they moved on to the next phase.
・ She moved on from the setback with renewed determination.
・ move on is to proceed; or emotionally progress.
move on
/ move on
・ After resolving the issue, they moved on to the next phase.
/ After resolving the issue, they moved on to the next phase.
・ After resolving the issue, they moved on to the next phase.
・ She moved on from the setback with renewed determination.
/ She moved on from the setback with renewed determination.
・ She moved on from the setback with renewed determination.
I10 . mull over .
・ mull over .
・ She mulled over the implications of the discovery.
・ He mulled over several alternatives before deciding.
・ mull over is to think deeply.
mull over
/ mull over
・ She mulled over the implications of the discovery.
/ She mulled over the implications of the discovery.
・ She mulled over the implications of the discovery.
・ He mulled over several alternatives before deciding.
/ He mulled over several alternatives before deciding.
・ He mulled over several alternatives before deciding.
I11 . muscle in on .
・ muscle in on .
・ The company muscled in on a market previously dominated by competitors.
・ He muscled in on their conversation with unwarranted confidence.
・ muscle in on is to forcefully enter or take over.
muscle in on
/ muscle in on
・ The company muscled in on a market previously dominated by competitors.
/ The company muscled in on a market previously dominated by competitors.
・ The company muscled in on a market previously dominated by competitors.
・ He muscled in on their conversation with unwarranted confidence.
/ He muscled in on their conversation with unwarranted confidence.
・ He muscled in on their conversation with unwarranted confidence.
I12 . narrow A down to B .
・ narrow A down to B .
・ They narrowed the options down to three viable candidates.
・ She narrowed the list down to the most consequential variables.
・ narrow A down to B is to reduce to a smaller set.
narrow A down to B
/ narrow A down to B
・ They narrowed the options down to three viable candidates.
/ They narrowed the options down to three viable candidates.
・ They narrowed the options down to three viable candidates.
・ She narrowed the list down to the most consequential variables.
/ She narrowed the list down to the most consequential variables.
・ She narrowed the list down to the most consequential variables.
I13 . narrow down .
・ narrow down .
・ The committee narrowed down the causes of the discrepancy.
・ She narrowed down the choices after extensive comparison.
・ narrow down is to reduce possibilities.
narrow down
/ narrow down
・ The committee narrowed down the causes of the discrepancy.
/ The committee narrowed down the causes of the discrepancy.
・ The committee narrowed down the causes of the discrepancy.
・ She narrowed down the choices after extensive comparison.
/ She narrowed down the choices after extensive comparison.
・ She narrowed down the choices after extensive comparison.
I14 . nod off .
・ nod off .
・ He nodded off during the exceptionally long briefing.
・ She nodded off while reviewing the dense material.
・ nod off is to fall asleep briefly.
nod off
/ nod off
・ He nodded off during the exceptionally long briefing.
/ He nodded off during the exceptionally long briefing.
・ He nodded off during the exceptionally long briefing.
・ She nodded off while reviewing the dense material.
/ She nodded off while reviewing the dense material.
・ She nodded off while reviewing the dense material.
I15 . object to .
・ object to .
・ She objected to the proposal on ethical grounds.
・ Several members objected to the abrupt procedural changes.
・ object to is to oppose.
object to
/ object to
・ She objected to the proposal on ethical grounds.
/ She objected to the proposal on ethical grounds.
・ She objected to the proposal on ethical grounds.
・ Several members objected to the abrupt procedural changes.
/ Several members objected to the abrupt procedural changes.
・ Several members objected to the abrupt procedural changes.
I16 . occur to .
・ occur to .
・ It occurred to her that the assumption was fundamentally flawed.
・ A novel idea occurred to him during the discussion.
・ occur to is to come to mind.
occur to
/ occur to
・ It occurred to her that the assumption was fundamentally flawed.
/ It occurred to her that the assumption was fundamentally flawed.
・ It occurred to her that the assumption was fundamentally flawed.
・ A novel idea occurred to him during the discussion.
/ A novel idea occurred to him during the discussion.
・ A novel idea occurred to him during the discussion.
I17 . open up .
・ open up .
・ She opened up about her concerns during the confidential meeting.
・ The new policy opened up opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration.
・ open up is to share; or create access.
open up
/ open up
・ She opened up about her concerns during the confidential meeting.
/ She opened up about her concerns during the confidential meeting.
・ She opened up about her concerns during the confidential meeting.
・ The new policy opened up opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration.
/ The new policy opened up opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration.
・ The new policy opened up opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration.
I18 . opt for .
・ opt for .
・ She opted for a more nuanced approach.
・ They opted for the alternative plan after careful deliberation.
・ opt for is to choose.
opt for
/ opt for
・ She opted for a more nuanced approach.
/ She opted for a more nuanced approach.
・ She opted for a more nuanced approach.
・ They opted for the alternative plan after careful deliberation.
/ They opted for the alternative plan after careful deliberation.
・ They opted for the alternative plan after careful deliberation.
I19 . own up to .
・ own up to .
・ He owned up to the oversight during the inquiry.
・ She owned up to her mistake with admirable honesty.
・ own up to is to admit.
own up to
/ own up to
・ He owned up to the oversight during the inquiry.
/ He owned up to the oversight during the inquiry.
・ He owned up to the oversight during the inquiry.
・ She owned up to her mistake with admirable honesty.
/ She owned up to her mistake with admirable honesty.
・ She owned up to her mistake with admirable honesty.
I20 . paper over .
・ paper over .
・ They tried to paper over the disagreement instead of addressing it.
・ She papered over several inconsistencies in the report.
・ paper over is to hide a problem superficially.
paper over
/ paper over
・ They tried to paper over the disagreement instead of addressing it.
/ They tried to paper over the disagreement instead of addressing it.
・ They tried to paper over the disagreement instead of addressing it.
・ She papered over several inconsistencies in the report.
/ She papered over several inconsistencies in the report.
・ She papered over several inconsistencies in the report.
I21 . part with .
・ part with .
・ She couldn’t part with the documents because of their historical significance.
・ He reluctantly parted with several invaluable books during the move.
・ part with is to give up or let go of something.
part with
/ part with
・ She couldn’t part with the documents because of their historical significance.
/ She couldn’t part with the documents because of their historical significance.
・ She couldn’t part with the documents because of their historical significance.
・ He reluctantly parted with several invaluable books during the move.
/ He reluctantly parted with several invaluable books during the move.
・ He reluctantly parted with several invaluable books during the move.
I22 . pass away .
・ pass away .
・ Her mentor passed away after a long and dignified battle with illness.
・ Several influential figures passed away that year, leaving a profound legacy.
・ pass away is to die.
pass away
/ pass away
・ Her mentor passed away after a long and dignified battle with illness.
/ Her mentor passed away after a long and dignified battle with illness.
・ Her mentor passed away after a long and dignified battle with illness.
・ Several influential figures passed away that year, leaving a profound legacy.
/ Several influential figures passed away that year, leaving a profound legacy.
・ Several influential figures passed away that year, leaving a profound legacy.
I23 . pass for .
・ pass for .
・ The imitation passed for an authentic artifact at first glance.
・ His accent could easily pass for that of a native speaker.
・ pass for is to be accepted as something.
pass for
/ pass for
・ The imitation passed for an authentic artifact at first glance.
/ The imitation passed for an authentic artifact at first glance.
・ The imitation passed for an authentic artifact at first glance.
・ His accent could easily pass for that of a native speaker.
/ His accent could easily pass for that of a native speaker.
・ His accent could easily pass for that of a native speaker.
I24 . pass off as .
・ pass off as .
・ He tried to pass off the flawed data as a legitimate finding.
・ She passed off the imitation as an original with surprising confidence.
・ pass off as is to pretend something is something else.
pass off as
/ pass off as
・ He tried to pass off the flawed data as a legitimate finding.
/ He tried to pass off the flawed data as a legitimate finding.
・ He tried to pass off the flawed data as a legitimate finding.
・ She passed off the imitation as an original with surprising confidence.
/ She passed off the imitation as an original with surprising confidence.
・ She passed off the imitation as an original with surprising confidence.
I25 . pass on .
・ pass on .
・ She passed on the message to the entire committee.
・ He passed on the opportunity due to conflicting obligations.
・ pass on is to transmit; or decline.
pass on
/ pass on
・ She passed on the message to the entire committee.
/ She passed on the message to the entire committee.
・ She passed on the message to the entire committee.
・ He passed on the opportunity due to conflicting obligations.
/ He passed on the opportunity due to conflicting obligations.
・ He passed on the opportunity due to conflicting obligations.
I26 . pass up .
・ pass up .
・ She passed up a remarkably promising offer.
・ They passed up the chance to collaborate on a groundbreaking project.
・ pass up is to miss or decline an opportunity.
pass up
/ pass up
・ She passed up a remarkably promising offer.
/ She passed up a remarkably promising offer.
・ She passed up a remarkably promising offer.
・ They passed up the chance to collaborate on a groundbreaking project.
/ They passed up the chance to collaborate on a groundbreaking project.
・ They passed up the chance to collaborate on a groundbreaking project.
I27 . pay back .
・ pay back .
・ She paid back the loan ahead of schedule.
・ He paid back the favor with an exceptionally thoughtful gesture.
・ pay back is to return money or repay kindness.
pay back
/ pay back
・ She paid back the loan ahead of schedule.
/ She paid back the loan ahead of schedule.
・ She paid back the loan ahead of schedule.
・ He paid back the favor with an exceptionally thoughtful gesture.
/ He paid back the favor with an exceptionally thoughtful gesture.
・ He paid back the favor with an exceptionally thoughtful gesture.
I28 . pay for .
・ pay for .
・ He paid for the oversight with severe repercussions.
・ She paid for the damage caused during the experiment.
・ pay for is to suffer consequences; or cover cost.
pay for
/ pay for
・ He paid for the oversight with severe repercussions.
/ He paid for the oversight with severe repercussions.
・ He paid for the oversight with severe repercussions.
・ She paid for the damage caused during the experiment.
/ She paid for the damage caused during the experiment.
・ She paid for the damage caused during the experiment.
I29 . pay off .
・ pay off .
・ Her persistence paid off with an extraordinary breakthrough.
・ The investment paid off far beyond initial projections.
・ pay off is to yield good results.
pay off
/ pay off
・ Her persistence paid off with an extraordinary breakthrough.
/ Her persistence paid off with an extraordinary breakthrough.
・ Her persistence paid off with an extraordinary breakthrough.
・ The investment paid off far beyond initial projections.
/ The investment paid off far beyond initial projections.
・ The investment paid off far beyond initial projections.
I30 . pay out .
・ pay out .
・ The foundation paid out substantial grants to support innovative research.
・ The insurance company paid out after verifying the claim.
・ pay out is to distribute money.
pay out
/ pay out
・ The foundation paid out substantial grants to support innovative research.
/ The foundation paid out substantial grants to support innovative research.
・ The foundation paid out substantial grants to support innovative research.
・ The insurance company paid out after verifying the claim.
/ The insurance company paid out after verifying the claim.
・ The insurance company paid out after verifying the claim.
I31 . persist in .
・ persist in .
・ She persisted in pursuing the hypothesis despite widespread skepticism.
・ He persisted in refining the model until it reached exceptional accuracy.
・ persist in is to continue firmly.
persist in
/ persist in
・ She persisted in pursuing the hypothesis despite widespread skepticism.
/ She persisted in pursuing the hypothesis despite widespread skepticism.
・ She persisted in pursuing the hypothesis despite widespread skepticism.
・ He persisted in refining the model until it reached exceptional accuracy.
/ He persisted in refining the model until it reached exceptional accuracy.
・ He persisted in refining the model until it reached exceptional accuracy.
I32 . phase out .
・ phase out .
・ The organization phased out outdated procedures.
・ They phased out the old system in favor of a more sophisticated one.
・ phase out is to gradually eliminate.
phase out
/ phase out
・ The organization phased out outdated procedures.
/ The organization phased out outdated procedures.
・ The organization phased out outdated procedures.
・ They phased out the old system in favor of a more sophisticated one.
/ They phased out the old system in favor of a more sophisticated one.
・ They phased out the old system in favor of a more sophisticated one.
I33 . pick on .
・ pick on .
・ He felt the panel was picking on him unfairly.
・ They picked on minor errors instead of addressing the substantive issue.
・ pick on is to bully or criticize repeatedly.
pick on
/ pick on
・ He felt the panel was picking on him unfairly.
/ He felt the panel was picking on him unfairly.
・ He felt the panel was picking on him unfairly.
・ They picked on minor errors instead of addressing the substantive issue.
/ They picked on minor errors instead of addressing the substantive issue.
・ They picked on minor errors instead of addressing the substantive issue.
I34 . pick out .
・ pick out .
・ She picked out several compelling examples for the presentation.
・ He picked out the most consequential variables from the dataset.
・ pick out is to select.
pick out
/ pick out
・ She picked out several compelling examples for the presentation.
/ She picked out several compelling examples for the presentation.
・ She picked out several compelling examples for the presentation.
・ He picked out the most consequential variables from the dataset.
/ He picked out the most consequential variables from the dataset.
・ He picked out the most consequential variables from the dataset.
I35 . pick up .
・ pick up .
・ She picked up subtle nuances in the discourse.
・ He picked up the pace to meet the demanding deadline.
・ pick up is to learn; or increase speed.
pick up
/ pick up
・ She picked up subtle nuances in the discourse.
/ She picked up subtle nuances in the discourse.
・ She picked up subtle nuances in the discourse.
・ He picked up the pace to meet the demanding deadline.
/ He picked up the pace to meet the demanding deadline.
・ He picked up the pace to meet the demanding deadline.
I36 . piece together .
・ piece together .
・ She pieced together the fragmented evidence into a coherent narrative.
・ Investigators pieced together the timeline with meticulous precision.
・ piece together is to assemble information.
piece together
/ piece together
・ She pieced together the fragmented evidence into a coherent narrative.
/ She pieced together the fragmented evidence into a coherent narrative.
・ She pieced together the fragmented evidence into a coherent narrative.
・ Investigators pieced together the timeline with meticulous precision.
/ Investigators pieced together the timeline with meticulous precision.
・ Investigators pieced together the timeline with meticulous precision.
I37 . pile up .
・ pile up .
・ The unresolved issues piled up over several months.
・ She let documents pile up until the workload became overwhelming.
・ pile up is to accumulate.
pile up
/ pile up
・ The unresolved issues piled up over several months.
/ The unresolved issues piled up over several months.
・ The unresolved issues piled up over several months.
・ She let documents pile up until the workload became overwhelming.
/ She let documents pile up until the workload became overwhelming.
・ She let documents pile up until the workload became overwhelming.
I38 . pin down .
・ pin down .
・ They tried to pin down the exact cause of the anomaly.
・ She pinned down the essential variables with remarkable clarity.
・ pin down is to identify precisely.
pin down
/ pin down
・ They tried to pin down the exact cause of the anomaly.
/ They tried to pin down the exact cause of the anomaly.
・ They tried to pin down the exact cause of the anomaly.
・ She pinned down the essential variables with remarkable clarity.
/ She pinned down the essential variables with remarkable clarity.
・ She pinned down the essential variables with remarkable clarity.
I39 . play down .
・ play down .
・ The spokesperson played down the severity of the incident.
・ She played down her achievements despite their extraordinary impact.
・ play down is to minimize.
play down
/ play down
・ The spokesperson played down the severity of the incident.
/ The spokesperson played down the severity of the incident.
・ The spokesperson played down the severity of the incident.
・ She played down her achievements despite their extraordinary impact.
/ She played down her achievements despite their extraordinary impact.
・ She played down her achievements despite their extraordinary impact.
I40 . play up .
・ play up .
・ He played up the benefits of the proposal to gain support.
・ The report played up several promising trends.
・ play up is to emphasize.
play up
/ play up
・ He played up the benefits of the proposal to gain support.
/ He played up the benefits of the proposal to gain support.
・ He played up the benefits of the proposal to gain support.
・ The report played up several promising trends.
/ The report played up several promising trends.
・ The report played up several promising trends.
I41 . point out .
・ point out .
・ She pointed out several subtle inconsistencies in the argument.
・ He pointed out a remarkably overlooked implication in the data.
・ point out is to indicate or highlight.
point out
/ point out
・ She pointed out several subtle inconsistencies in the argument.
/ She pointed out several subtle inconsistencies in the argument.
・ She pointed out several subtle inconsistencies in the argument.
・ He pointed out a remarkably overlooked implication in the data.
/ He pointed out a remarkably overlooked implication in the data.
・ He pointed out a remarkably overlooked implication in the data.
I42 . point to .
・ point to .
・ The evidence points to a fundamentally different conclusion.
・ Her findings point to a systemic issue within the framework.
・ point to is to suggest or indicate.
point to
/ point to
・ The evidence points to a fundamentally different conclusion.
/ The evidence points to a fundamentally different conclusion.
・ The evidence points to a fundamentally different conclusion.
・ Her findings point to a systemic issue within the framework.
/ Her findings point to a systemic issue within the framework.
・ Her findings point to a systemic issue within the framework.
I43 . poke around .
・ poke around .
・ She poked around the archives for rare documents.
・ He poked around the system to identify hidden configurations.
・ poke around is to explore casually.
poke around
/ poke around
・ She poked around the archives for rare documents.
/ She poked around the archives for rare documents.
・ She poked around the archives for rare documents.
・ He poked around the system to identify hidden configurations.
/ He poked around the system to identify hidden configurations.
・ He poked around the system to identify hidden configurations.
I44 . pour into .
・ pour into .
・ They poured substantial resources into the ambitious initiative.
・ She poured her energy into refining the final manuscript.
・ pour into is to invest heavily.
pour into
/ pour into
・ They poured substantial resources into the ambitious initiative.
/ They poured substantial resources into the ambitious initiative.
・ They poured substantial resources into the ambitious initiative.
・ She poured her energy into refining the final manuscript.
/ She poured her energy into refining the final manuscript.
・ She poured her energy into refining the final manuscript.
I45 . press for .
・ press for .
・ The committee pressed for immediate reform.
・ She pressed for a more transparent decision‑making process.
・ press for is to demand strongly.
press for
/ press for
・ The committee pressed for immediate reform.
/ The committee pressed for immediate reform.
・ The committee pressed for immediate reform.
・ She pressed for a more transparent decision‑making process.
/ She pressed for a more transparent decision‑making process.
・ She pressed for a more transparent decision‑making process.
I46 . prey on .
・ prey on .
・ The scheme preyed on vulnerable individuals.
・ Doubt preyed on her during the high‑stakes evaluation.
・ prey on is to exploit or harm.
prey on
/ prey on
・ The scheme preyed on vulnerable individuals.
/ The scheme preyed on vulnerable individuals.
・ The scheme preyed on vulnerable individuals.
・ Doubt preyed on her during the high‑stakes evaluation.
/ Doubt preyed on her during the high‑stakes evaluation.
・ Doubt preyed on her during the high‑stakes evaluation.
I47 . pull apart .
・ pull apart .
・ They pulled apart the argument to examine its underlying assumptions.
・ She pulled apart the device to understand its intricate mechanism.
・ pull apart is to dissect or dismantle.
pull apart
/ pull apart
・ They pulled apart the argument to examine its underlying assumptions.
/ They pulled apart the argument to examine its underlying assumptions.
・ They pulled apart the argument to examine its underlying assumptions.
・ She pulled apart the device to understand its intricate mechanism.
/ She pulled apart the device to understand its intricate mechanism.
・ She pulled apart the device to understand its intricate mechanism.
I48 . pull back from .
・ pull back from .
・ The organization pulled back from the controversial proposal.
・ He pulled back from making a premature judgment.
・ pull back from is to retreat or withdraw.
pull back from
/ pull back from
・ The organization pulled back from the controversial proposal.
/ The organization pulled back from the controversial proposal.
・ The organization pulled back from the controversial proposal.
・ He pulled back from making a premature judgment.
/ He pulled back from making a premature judgment.
・ He pulled back from making a premature judgment.
I49 . pull off .
・ pull off .
・ She pulled off an extraordinarily complex analysis.
・ They pulled off the negotiation despite formidable obstacles.
・ pull off is to succeed in doing something difficult.
pull off
/ pull off
・ She pulled off an extraordinarily complex analysis.
/ She pulled off an extraordinarily complex analysis.
・ She pulled off an extraordinarily complex analysis.
・ They pulled off the negotiation despite formidable obstacles.
/ They pulled off the negotiation despite formidable obstacles.
・ They pulled off the negotiation despite formidable obstacles.
I50 . pull through .
・ pull through .
・ She pulled through the crisis with admirable resilience.
・ The project pulled through after receiving unexpected support.
・ pull through is to survive or recover.
pull through
/ pull through
・ She pulled through the crisis with admirable resilience.
/ She pulled through the crisis with admirable resilience.
・ She pulled through the crisis with admirable resilience.
・ The project pulled through after receiving unexpected support.
/ The project pulled through after receiving unexpected support.
・ The project pulled through after receiving unexpected support.
