Level 02 – Step 06 : Parallel Structures using and / or (I read and write. Tea or coffee?)
/Level 02 – Step 06 : Parallel Structures using and / or (I read and write. Tea or coffee?)
🚪 Let’s Begin
/🚪 Let’s Begin
🦉Professor Owl: Today we will learn how to put ideas or actions side by side with and and or.
/🦉Professor Owl: Today we will learn how to put ideas or actions side by side with and and or.
🐧Igupen: Like saying two things together? That sounds helpful.
/🐧Igupen: Like saying two things together? That sounds helpful.
🦉Professor Owl: Yes.
/🦉Professor Owl: Yes.
Using and or or the right way makes sentences clear and easy to read.
/Using and or or the right way makes sentences clear and easy to read.
🐧Igupen: I’m ready!
/🐧Igupen: I’m ready!
📚 Lesson
/📚 Lesson
What are parallel structures with and or?
/What are parallel structures with and or?
Parallel structures join two or more words, phrases, or ideas with and or or.
/Parallel structures join two or more words, phrases, or ideas with and or or.
Each joined part should have the same grammar form so the sentence is balanced and easy to understand.
/Each joined part should have the same grammar form so the sentence is balanced and easy to understand.
When to use and:
/When to use and:
Use and to add ideas or actions together.
/Use and to add ideas or actions together.
Correct: I read and write.
/Correct: I read and write.
Incorrect: I read and writing.
/Incorrect: I read and writing.
When to use or:
/When to use or:
Use or to present choices or alternatives.
/Use or to present choices or alternatives.
Correct: Tea or coffee?
/Correct: Tea or coffee?
Incorrect: Tea or to drink coffee.
/Incorrect: Tea or to drink coffee.
Common parallel pairs (same form on both sides):
/Common parallel pairs (same form on both sides):
Noun + and + noun: apples and oranges.
/Noun + and + noun: apples and oranges.
Verb + and + verb: swim and run.
/Verb + and + verb: swim and run.
Adjective + and + adjective: big and small.
/Adjective + and + adjective: big and small.
Infinitive + and + infinitive: to eat and to sleep.
/Infinitive + and + infinitive: to eat and to sleep.
🦉Professor Owl’s one-point tip
/🦉Professor Owl’s one-point tip
Always check each part you join.
/Always check each part you join.
Ask: Do both parts use the same grammar form?
/Ask: Do both parts use the same grammar form?
If yes, the sentence is parallel and clear.
/If yes, the sentence is parallel and clear.
Quick checks inside the lesson
/Quick checks inside the lesson
Example: She likes singing and dancing.
/Example: She likes singing and dancing.
both -ing verbs, correct.
/both -ing verbs, correct.
Example: You can call or email me.
/Example: You can call or email me.
both verbs, correct.
/both verbs, correct.
Wrong example: He wants to study and playing.
/Wrong example: He wants to study and playing.
not parallel; change to to study and to play or study and play.
/not parallel; change to to study and to play or study and play.
🌼 Sample Sentences
/🌼 Sample Sentences
No.01 I read and write.
/No.01 I read and write.
No.02 Do you want tea or coffee?
/No.02 Do you want tea or coffee?
No.03 She likes singing and dancing.
/No.03 She likes singing and dancing.
No.04 We can walk or take the bus.
/No.04 We can walk or take the bus.
No.05 The room is bright and warm.
/No.05 The room is bright and warm.
No.06 They eat apples and oranges.
/No.06 They eat apples and oranges.
No.07 He wanted to laugh and to cry.
/No.07 He wanted to laugh and to cry.
No.08 Please wash and dry the dishes.
/No.08 Please wash and dry the dishes.
No.09 You must finish your homework or lose screen time.
/No.09 You must finish your homework or lose screen time.
No.10 The teacher asked students to listen and take notes.
/No.10 The teacher asked students to listen and take notes.
🎓 Practice exercises
/🎓 Practice exercises
Note: Try each question, then check the answers at the end.
/Note: Try each question, then check the answers at the end.
Q1: Choose the parallel sentence: A) She enjoys to swim and running. B) She enjoys swimming and running.
/Q1: Choose the parallel sentence: A) She enjoys to swim and running. B) She enjoys swimming and running.
Q2: Fix the sentence to make it parallel: He likes to read and playing games.
/Q2: Fix the sentence to make it parallel: He likes to read and playing games.
Q3: Choose the correct pair: I will either call you or texting you or text you.
/Q3: Choose the correct pair: I will either call you or texting you or text you.
Q4: Is this sentence parallel? Yes or No: The cat is small and fluffy.
/Q4: Is this sentence parallel? Yes or No: The cat is small and fluffy.
Q5: Make a parallel sentence with these words: study play — start with I like.
/Q5: Make a parallel sentence with these words: study play — start with I like.
Q6: Choose the better sentence: A) You can have cake or to eat fruit. B) You can have cake or eat fruit.
/Q6: Choose the better sentence: A) You can have cake or to eat fruit. B) You can have cake or eat fruit.
Q7: Fix this non-parallel sentence: She wants to learn French, painting, and to dance.
/Q7: Fix this non-parallel sentence: She wants to learn French, painting, and to dance.
Q8: Identify the problem and correct it: He both loves to cook and baking.
/Q8: Identify the problem and correct it: He both loves to cook and baking.
Q9: Choose the parallel adjective pair: A) tall and the short B) tall and short.
/Q9: Choose the parallel adjective pair: A) tall and the short B) tall and short.
Q10: Make a choice question using or with these nouns: breakfast lunch.
/Q10: Make a choice question using or with these nouns: breakfast lunch.
Answers
/Answers
A1: B She enjoys swimming and running.
/A1: B She enjoys swimming and running.
A2: He likes to read and to play games.
/A2: He likes to read and to play games.
A3: or text you.
/A3: or text you.
A4: Yes — small and fluffy are parallel adjectives.
/A4: Yes — small and fluffy are parallel adjectives.
A5: I like to study and play.
/A5: I like to study and play.
A6: B You can have cake or eat fruit.
/A6: B You can have cake or eat fruit.
A7: She wants to learn French, paint, and dance.
/A7: She wants to learn French, paint, and dance.
A8: Problem: mixed forms.
/A8: Problem: mixed forms.
Correct: He both loves to cook and bake.
/Correct: He both loves to cook and bake.
A9: B tall and short.
/A9: B tall and short.
A10: Breakfast or lunch?
/A10: Breakfast or lunch?
🦉 Closing
/🦉 Closing
🦉Professor Owl: Well done.
/🦉Professor Owl: Well done.
When parts joined with and or or match in grammar form, your sentences feel balanced and clear.
/When parts joined with and or or match in grammar form, your sentences feel balanced and clear.
Try making five of your own parallel sentences today — mix verbs, nouns, and adjectives.
/Try making five of your own parallel sentences today — mix verbs, nouns, and adjectives.
Keep practicing and your writing will sound smooth and confident.
/Keep practicing and your writing will sound smooth and confident.
