Level 01 – Step 01 : S + V (I run. / She sleeps.)
/レベル01 – ステップ01:S + V(私は走ります。
＜🚪 Let’s Begin＞
/< 🚪 始めましょう>
Professor Owl🦉: Now, the first grammar pattern is the S + V structure. English has five sentence patterns, and learning those five will let you understand most English.
/フクロウ🦉教授:さて、最初の文法パターンはS+V構造です。英語には5つの文型があり、その5つを覚えることでほとんどの英語を理解できるようになります。
Igupen🐧: Only five is enough?
/イグペン🐧:5つで十分ですか?
Professor Owl🦉: Ho ho ho. Of course, those five take many different forms, and by studying them step by step you will understand English more deeply.
/フクロウ🦉教授: ホ。もちろん、その5つはさまざまな形をとっており、段階的に勉強することで、より深く英語を理解することができます。
Igupen🐧: By the way, what do the S and V in S + V mean?
/イグペン🐧:ところで、S+VのSとVはどういう意味ですか?
Professor Owl🦉: Good. I will explain S and V now. Listen carefully.
/フクロウ🦉教授: いいですね。さっそくSとVについて解説します。傾聴。
＜📚 Lesson ＞
/< 📚 レッスン >
❓What is S (subject)?
/❓S(主語)とは?
S stands for subject, the word that answers “who” or “what” in the sentence. The subject is like the main character of the sentence. For example, in I run., I is the subject because I am the one who runs.
/S は主語の略で、文中の「誰が」または「何を」答える単語です。主語は文の主人公のようなものです。たとえば、I run.では、私が走る人であるため、私は主語です。
Simple rules and how to find the subject
/簡単なルールと件名の見つけ方
• The subject answers Who? or What?. Example: She eats an apple. → Who eats? → She is the subject.
/• 被験者は「誰?」と答えます。とか何とか。。例:彼女はリンゴを食べます。→ 誰が食べるのですか?→ 彼女は主題です。
• The subject often comes at the beginning of the sentence.
/• 主語は文の先頭に来ることがよくあります。
• The subject can be a person (I, you, Tom), a thing (the book, my dog), or an idea (That idea).
/• 主語は、人 (私、あなた、トム)、物 (本、私の犬)、またはアイデア (そのアイデア) です。
More examples
/その他の例
• I run. → Subject is I.
/• I run. → Subject is I.
• The dog barks. → Subject is The dog.
/• The dog barks. → Subject is The dog.
• Reading is fun. → Subject is Reading. Gerunds (-ing) can be subjects.
/• Reading is fun. → Subject is Reading. Gerunds (-ing) can be subjects.
Professor Owl🦉’s one-point tip When you can find the subject, the action (the verb) becomes much clearer.
/Professor Owl🦉’s one-point tip When you can find the subject, the action (the verb) becomes much clearer.
✍ Quick subject practice Q1: Find the subject: She sings. Q2: Find the subject: The cat sleeps. Answers: A1: She A2: The cat
/✍ Quick subject practice Q1: Find the subject: She sings. Q2: Find the subject: The cat sleeps. Answers: A1: She A2: The cat
❓What is V (verb)?
/❓What is V (verb)?
V stands for verb, the word that tells “what the subject does” or “what happens.” The verb shows the action or the state. In I run., run is the verb and it tells what I do.
/V stands for verb, the word that tells “what the subject does” or “what happens.” The verb shows the action or the state. In I run., run is the verb and it tells what I do.
Simple rules and how to find the verb
/Simple rules and how to find the verb
• The verb answers What does [subject] do? or What happens? Example: She eats an apple. → What does she do? → eats is the verb.
/• The verb answers What does [subject] do? or What happens? Example: She eats an apple. → What does she do? → eats is the verb.
• The verb usually follows the subject in S + V order.
/• The verb usually follows the subject in S + V order.
• Verbs include action verbs (run, eat, sing) and state verbs (be, seem, feel).
/• Verbs include action verbs (run, eat, sing) and state verbs (be, seem, feel).
A little hint about verb forms
/A little hint about verb forms
• In the present simple, add -s for third-person singular (he / she / it): He runs.
/• In the present simple, add -s for third-person singular (he / she / it): He runs.
• Use the past tense to talk about past actions: I walked. / She ate.
/• Use the past tense to talk about past actions: I walked. / She ate.
Professor Owl🦉’s one-point tip After you find the subject, ask “What does that person do?” The answer is the verb.
/Professor Owl🦉’s one-point tip After you find the subject, ask “What does that person do?” The answer is the verb.
✍ Quick verb practice 5. Find the verb: She sings. 6. Find the verb: The cat sleeps. 7. Fill the blank to make an S + V sentence: The boy _____ . (jump) → The boy jumps. 8. Put the verb into present simple: He (run) → He runs.
/✍ Quick verb practice 5. Find the verb: She sings. 6. Find the verb: The cat sleeps. 7. Fill the blank to make an S + V sentence: The boy _____ . (jump) → The boy jumps. 8. Put the verb into present simple: He (run) → He runs.
＜🌼 Sample Sentences＞ I run. She sleeps. Birds fly. The dog barks. They play. He laughs. We wait. The baby cries. Tom dances. Flowers bloom.
/< 🌼 サンプル文>私は実行します。彼女は眠っています。鳥は飛ぶ。犬は吠えます。彼らはプレーします。彼は笑う。私たちは待ちます。赤ちゃんは泣きます。トムは踊ります。花が咲きます。
＜🎓Practice exercises＞ Note: Think first, then check the answers.
/<🎓練習問題>注:最初に考えてから答えを確認してください。
Q1: Find the subject S: They play.
/Q1: 件名 S: 彼らは遊んでいます。
Q2: Find the verb V: The cat sleeps.
/Q2: 動詞 V を見つけます: 猫は眠ります。
Q3: Rearrange the words into a correct sentence: play / We / .
/Q3: 単語を正しい文に並べ替えます: play / We / 。
Q4: Which is correct? She go. / She goes.
/Q4: どちらが正しいですか?彼女は行きます。/彼女は行きます。
Q5: Find the subject S: John runs.
/Q5: 件名 S: John runs を見つけます。
Q6: Find the verb V: Birds sing.
/Q6: 動詞 V: 鳥が歌う。
Q7: Rearrange the words into a correct sentence: dance / They / .
/Q7: 単語を正しい文に並べ替えます: dance / They / .
Q8: Which is correct? It rain. / It rains.
/Q8: どちらが正しいですか?雨が降った。/雨が降る。
Q9: Find the subject S: My mother cooks.
/Q9: 件名を探す S: 私の母は料理をしています。
Q10: Find the verb V: Children smile.
/Q10: 動詞 V: 子供たちは微笑む。
◆ Answers A1: They A2: sleeps A3: We play. A4: She goes. A5: John A6: sing A7: They dance. A8: It rains. A9: My mother A10: smile
/◆ 答え A1: 彼ら A2: 寝る A3: 私たちは遊んでいます。A4: 彼女は行きます。A5: ヨハネ A6: 歌う A7: 彼らは踊ります。A8: 雨が降ります。A9:母A10:笑顔
＜🦉 Closing ＞
/＜🦉 Closing ＞
Professor Owl🦉: Well done. Knowing S (who) and V (what) makes English sentences much easier. Make a few S + V sentences every day. You did a great job. See you again!!
/Professor Owl🦉: Well done. Knowing S (who) and V (what) makes English sentences much easier. Make a few S + V sentences every day. You did a great job. See you again!!
