Idioms CEFR400(C1:51-100)

Idioms CEFR400(B1-C2)
Name
Idioms CEFR400(C1:51-100)

C1 – 51 … a house built on sand
… a house built on sand
… Their argument was a house built on sand with flawed logic.
… The plan was a house built on sand lacking credible evidence.
… a house built on sand is Something weakly supported and likely to fail.
… a house built on sand

/ a house built on sand

… Their argument was a house built on sand with flawed logic.

/ Their argument was a house built on sand with flawed logic.

… Their argument was a house built on sand with flawed logic.

… The plan was a house built on sand lacking credible evidence.

/ The plan was a house built on sand lacking credible evidence.

… The plan was a house built on sand lacking credible evidence.

C1 – 52 … a stumbling block
… a stumbling block
… Funding became a stumbling block in the ambitious project.
… The rule was a stumbling block for emerging businesses.
… a stumbling block is Something that causes difficulty or delay.
… a stumbling block

/ a stumbling block

… Funding became a stumbling block in the ambitious project.

/ Funding became a stumbling block in the ambitious project.

… Funding became a stumbling block in the ambitious project.

… The rule was a stumbling block for emerging businesses.

/ The rule was a stumbling block for emerging businesses.

… The rule was a stumbling block for emerging businesses.

C1 – 53 … a hidden cost
… a hidden cost
… The service had a hidden cost buried in complex terms.
… The decision carried a hidden cost for long-term stability.
… a hidden cost is A cost not immediately obvious.
… a hidden cost

/ a hidden cost

… The service had a hidden cost buried in complex terms.

/ The service had a hidden cost buried in complex terms.

… The service had a hidden cost buried in complex terms.

… The decision carried a hidden cost for long-term stability.

/ The decision carried a hidden cost for long-term stability.

… The decision carried a hidden cost for long-term stability.

C1 – 54 … a slippery path
… a slippery path
… Ignoring warnings is a slippery path toward irreversible damage.
… The compromise led them down a slippery path in fragile negotiations.
… a slippery path is A situation that can easily lead to trouble.
… a slippery path

/ a slippery path

… Ignoring warnings is a slippery path toward irreversible damage.

/ Ignoring warnings is a slippery path toward irreversible damage.

… Ignoring warnings is a slippery path toward irreversible damage.

… The compromise led them down a slippery path in fragile negotiations.

/ The compromise led them down a slippery path in fragile negotiations.

… The compromise led them down a slippery path in fragile negotiations.

C1 – 55 … the seeds of change
… the seeds of change
… Her activism planted the seeds of change in local communities.
… The movement sowed the seeds of change across global networks.
… the seeds of change is Early signs of future transformation.
… the seeds of change

/ the seeds of change

… Her activism planted the seeds of change in local communities.

/ Her activism planted the seeds of change in local communities.

… Her activism planted the seeds of change in local communities.

… The movement sowed the seeds of change across global networks.

/ The movement sowed the seeds of change across global networks.

… The movement sowed the seeds of change across global networks.

C1 – 56 … a turning tide
… a turning tide
… Public opinion showed a turning tide toward progressive ideas.
… The turning tide favored innovative solutions.
… a turning tide is A major shift in direction or opinion.
… a turning tide

/ a turning tide

… Public opinion showed a turning tide toward progressive ideas.

/ Public opinion showed a turning tide toward progressive ideas.

… Public opinion showed a turning tide toward progressive ideas.

… The turning tide favored innovative solutions.

/ The turning tide favored innovative solutions.

… The turning tide favored innovative solutions.

C1 – 57 … the backbone of
… the backbone of
… Education is the backbone of sustainable development.
… Trust is the backbone of effective teamwork.
… the backbone of is The most important support or foundation.
… the backbone of

/ the backbone of

… Education is the backbone of sustainable development.

/ Education is the backbone of sustainable development.

… Education is the backbone of sustainable development.

… Trust is the backbone of effective teamwork.

/ Trust is the backbone of effective teamwork.

… Trust is the backbone of effective teamwork.

C1 – 58 … a pillar of society
… a pillar of society
… Teachers are a pillar of society in modern communities.
… Healthcare workers remain a pillar of society in critical times.
… a pillar of society is A person or thing essential to a community.
… a pillar of society

/ a pillar of society

… Teachers are a pillar of society in modern communities.

/ Teachers are a pillar of society in modern communities.

… Teachers are a pillar of society in modern communities.

… Healthcare workers remain a pillar of society in critical times.

/ Healthcare workers remain a pillar of society in critical times.

… Healthcare workers remain a pillar of society in critical times.

C1 – 59 … a spark for change
… a spark for change
… The protest became a spark for change in national policy.
… Her speech was a spark for change in social movements.
… a spark for change is Something that starts transformation.
… a spark for change

/ a spark for change

… The protest became a spark for change in national policy.

/ The protest became a spark for change in national policy.

… The protest became a spark for change in national policy.

… Her speech was a spark for change in social movements.

/ Her speech was a spark for change in social movements.

… Her speech was a spark for change in social movements.

C1 – 60 … a race against time
… a race against time
… It became a race against time to prevent irreversible damage.
… The rescue mission was a race against time in dangerous conditions.
… a race against time is A situation where something must be done quickly.
… a race against time

/ a race against time

… It became a race against time to prevent irreversible damage.

/ It became a race against time to prevent irreversible damage.

… It became a race against time to prevent irreversible damage.

… The rescue mission was a race against time in dangerous conditions.

/ The rescue mission was a race against time in dangerous conditions.

… The rescue mission was a race against time in dangerous conditions.

C1 – 61 … a storm brewing
… a storm brewing
… There was a storm brewing in the political climate.
… A storm was brewing within the divided organization.
… a storm brewing is Signs that trouble is coming.
… a storm brewing

/ a storm brewing

… There was a storm brewing in the political climate.

/ There was a storm brewing in the political climate.

… There was a storm brewing in the political climate.

… A storm was brewing within the divided organization.

/ A storm was brewing within the divided organization.

… A storm was brewing within the divided organization.

C1 – 62 … a beacon of innovation
… a beacon of innovation
… The lab became a beacon of innovation in cutting-edge research.
… Her startup is a beacon of innovation in emerging markets.
… a beacon of innovation is Something that leads or inspires new ideas.
… a beacon of innovation

/ a beacon of innovation

… The lab became a beacon of innovation in cutting-edge research.

/ The lab became a beacon of innovation in cutting-edge research.

… The lab became a beacon of innovation in cutting-edge research.

… Her startup is a beacon of innovation in emerging markets.

/ Her startup is a beacon of innovation in emerging markets.

… Her startup is a beacon of innovation in emerging markets.

C1 – 63 … a Pandora’s box of problems
… a Pandora’s box of problems
… The decision opened a Pandora’s box of problems with far-reaching consequences.
… The policy created a Pandora’s box of problems in regulatory systems.
… a Pandora’s box of problems is Something that creates many unexpected troubles.
… a Pandora’s box of problems

/ a Pandora’s box of problems

… The decision opened a Pandora’s box of problems with far-reaching consequences.

/ The decision opened a Pandora’s box of problems with far-reaching consequences.

… The decision opened a Pandora’s box of problems with far-reaching consequences.

… The policy created a Pandora’s box of problems in regulatory systems.

/ The policy created a Pandora’s box of problems in regulatory systems.

… The policy created a Pandora’s box of problems in regulatory systems.

C1 – 64 … a spark that ignited
… a spark that ignited
… His comment was the spark that ignited widespread debate.
… The event was the spark that ignited massive change.
… a spark that ignited is The initial cause of something big.
… a spark that ignited

/ a spark that ignited

… His comment was the spark that ignited widespread debate.

/ His comment was the spark that ignited widespread debate.

… His comment was the spark that ignited widespread debate.

… The event was the spark that ignited massive change.

/ The event was the spark that ignited massive change.

… The event was the spark that ignited massive change.

C1 – 65 … a house divided against itself
… a house divided against itself
… The party became a house divided against itself during heated discussions.
… The organization was a house divided against itself over strategic choices.
… a house divided against itself is A group weakened by internal conflict.
… a house divided against itself

/ a house divided against itself

… The party became a house divided against itself during heated discussions.

/ The party became a house divided against itself during heated discussions.

… The party became a house divided against itself during heated discussions.

… The organization was a house divided against itself over strategic choices.

/ The organization was a house divided against itself over strategic choices.

… The organization was a house divided against itself over strategic choices.

C1 – 66 … a glimmer of hope
… a glimmer of hope
… The results offered a glimmer of hope in uncertain times.
… Her recovery was a glimmer of hope for the struggling team.
… a glimmer of hope is A small sign of possible improvement.
… a glimmer of hope

/ a glimmer of hope

… The results offered a glimmer of hope in uncertain times.

/ The results offered a glimmer of hope in uncertain times.

… The results offered a glimmer of hope in uncertain times.

… Her recovery was a glimmer of hope for the struggling team.

/ Her recovery was a glimmer of hope for the struggling team.

… Her recovery was a glimmer of hope for the struggling team.

C1 – 67 … a vicious backlash
… a vicious backlash
… The announcement triggered a vicious backlash from outraged supporters.
… The reform caused a vicious backlash in polarized communities.
… a vicious backlash is A strong negative reaction.
… a vicious backlash

/ a vicious backlash

… The announcement triggered a vicious backlash from outraged supporters.

/ The announcement triggered a vicious backlash from outraged supporters.

… The announcement triggered a vicious backlash from outraged supporters.

… The reform caused a vicious backlash in polarized communities.

/ The reform caused a vicious backlash in polarized communities.

… The reform caused a vicious backlash in polarized communities.

C1 – 68 … a sea change
… a sea change
… There has been a sea change in public attitudes.
… The industry experienced a sea change in technological trends.
… a sea change is A major and lasting transformation.
… a sea change

/ a sea change

… There has been a sea change in public attitudes.

/ There has been a sea change in public attitudes.

… There has been a sea change in public attitudes.

… The industry experienced a sea change in technological trends.

/ The industry experienced a sea change in technological trends.

… The industry experienced a sea change in technological trends.

C1 – 69 … the tide has turned
… the tide has turned
… The tide has turned in favor of innovative solutions.
… The tide has turned after persistent efforts.
… the tide has turned is The situation has changed direction.
… the tide has turned

/ the tide has turned

… The tide has turned in favor of innovative solutions.

/ The tide has turned in favor of innovative solutions.

… The tide has turned in favor of innovative solutions.

… The tide has turned after persistent efforts.

/ The tide has turned after persistent efforts.

… The tide has turned after persistent efforts.

C1 – 70 … a fork in the road
… a fork in the road
… The company reached a fork in the road in its strategic direction.
… She faced a fork in the road in her professional journey.
… a fork in the road is A moment requiring an important decision.
… a fork in the road

/ a fork in the road

… The company reached a fork in the road in its strategic direction.

/ The company reached a fork in the road in its strategic direction.

… The company reached a fork in the road in its strategic direction.

… She faced a fork in the road in her professional journey.

/ She faced a fork in the road in her professional journey.

… She faced a fork in the road in her professional journey.

C1 – 71 … a landmark achievement
… a landmark achievement
… The discovery was a landmark achievement in scientific history.
… The award marked a landmark achievement in her distinguished career.
… a landmark achievement is A major and historic accomplishment.
… a landmark achievement

/ a landmark achievement

… The discovery was a landmark achievement in scientific history.

/ The discovery was a landmark achievement in scientific history.

… The discovery was a landmark achievement in scientific history.

… The award marked a landmark achievement in her distinguished career.

/ The award marked a landmark achievement in her distinguished career.

… The award marked a landmark achievement in her distinguished career.

C1 – 72 … a watershed event
… a watershed event
… The crisis became a watershed event in global politics.
… The ruling was a watershed event in legal history.
… a watershed event is A turning point that changes everything.
… a watershed event

/ a watershed event

… The crisis became a watershed event in global politics.

/ The crisis became a watershed event in global politics.

… The crisis became a watershed event in global politics.

… The ruling was a watershed event in legal history.

/ The ruling was a watershed event in legal history.

… The ruling was a watershed event in legal history.

C1 – 73 … a looming threat
… a looming threat
… Climate change is a looming threat with catastrophic potential.
… The virus became a looming threat to public health.
… a looming threat is A danger that is approaching.
… a looming threat

/ a looming threat

… Climate change is a looming threat with catastrophic potential.

/ Climate change is a looming threat with catastrophic potential.

… Climate change is a looming threat with catastrophic potential.

… The virus became a looming threat to public health.

/ The virus became a looming threat to public health.

… The virus became a looming threat to public health.

C1 – 74 … a monumental task
… a monumental task
… Rebuilding the city was a monumental task requiring extensive resources.
… Reforming the system is a monumental task in bureaucratic environments.
… a monumental task is A very large and difficult job.
… a monumental task

/ a monumental task

… Rebuilding the city was a monumental task requiring extensive resources.

/ Rebuilding the city was a monumental task requiring extensive resources.

… Rebuilding the city was a monumental task requiring extensive resources.

… Reforming the system is a monumental task in bureaucratic environments.

/ Reforming the system is a monumental task in bureaucratic environments.

… Reforming the system is a monumental task in bureaucratic environments.

C1 – 75 … a fragile equilibrium
… a fragile equilibrium
… The region maintains a fragile equilibrium amid volatile tensions.
… The ecosystem exists in a fragile equilibrium with delicate balance.
… a fragile equilibrium is A delicate balance that can easily break.
… a fragile equilibrium

/ a fragile equilibrium

… The region maintains a fragile equilibrium amid volatile tensions.

/ The region maintains a fragile equilibrium amid volatile tensions.

… The region maintains a fragile equilibrium amid volatile tensions.

… The ecosystem exists in a fragile equilibrium with delicate balance.

/ The ecosystem exists in a fragile equilibrium with delicate balance.

… The ecosystem exists in a fragile equilibrium with delicate balance.

C1 – 76 … a moral compass
… a moral compass
… Her integrity serves as a moral compass in challenging situations.
… Education acts as a moral compass for developing communities.
… a moral compass is A sense of right and wrong.
… a moral compass

/ a moral compass

… Her integrity serves as a moral compass in challenging situations.

/ Her integrity serves as a moral compass in challenging situations.

… Her integrity serves as a moral compass in challenging situations.

… Education acts as a moral compass for developing communities.

/ Education acts as a moral compass for developing communities.

… Education acts as a moral compass for developing communities.

C1 – 77 … a catalyst for reform
… a catalyst for reform
… The scandal became a catalyst for reform in national policy.
… Her leadership was a catalyst for reform in institutional systems.
… a catalyst for reform is Something that causes important improvements.
… a catalyst for reform

/ a catalyst for reform

… The scandal became a catalyst for reform in national policy.

/ The scandal became a catalyst for reform in national policy.

… The scandal became a catalyst for reform in national policy.

… Her leadership was a catalyst for reform in institutional systems.

/ Her leadership was a catalyst for reform in institutional systems.

… Her leadership was a catalyst for reform in institutional systems.

C1 – 78 … a battle of attrition
… a battle of attrition
… The negotiation turned into a battle of attrition between determined sides.
… The conflict became a battle of attrition with prolonged struggle.
… a battle of attrition is A long struggle where both sides slowly weaken.
… a battle of attrition

/ a battle of attrition

… The negotiation turned into a battle of attrition between determined sides.

/ The negotiation turned into a battle of attrition between determined sides.

… The negotiation turned into a battle of attrition between determined sides.

… The conflict became a battle of attrition with prolonged struggle.

/ The conflict became a battle of attrition with prolonged struggle.

… The conflict became a battle of attrition with prolonged struggle.

C1 – 79 … a paradigm shift
… a paradigm shift
… The technology triggered a paradigm shift in global communication.
… The discovery caused a paradigm shift in scientific theory.
… a paradigm shift is A fundamental change in thinking.
… a paradigm shift

/ a paradigm shift

… The technology triggered a paradigm shift in global communication.

/ The technology triggered a paradigm shift in global communication.

… The technology triggered a paradigm shift in global communication.

… The discovery caused a paradigm shift in scientific theory.

/ The discovery caused a paradigm shift in scientific theory.

… The discovery caused a paradigm shift in scientific theory.

C1 – 80 … a testament to
… a testament to
… His success is a testament to unwavering dedication.
… The project stands as a testament to collective effort.
… a testament to is Clear evidence of something.
… a testament to

/ a testament to

… His success is a testament to unwavering dedication.

/ His success is a testament to unwavering dedication.

… His success is a testament to unwavering dedication.

… The project stands as a testament to collective effort.

/ The project stands as a testament to collective effort.

… The project stands as a testament to collective effort.

C1 – 81 … in the air
… in the air
… Excitement was in the air during the anticipated event.
… A sense of change was in the air in dynamic communities.
… in the air is Felt or sensed but not yet clear.
… in the air

/ in the air

… Excitement was in the air during the anticipated event.

/ Excitement was in the air during the anticipated event.

… Excitement was in the air during the anticipated event.

… A sense of change was in the air in dynamic communities.

/ A sense of change was in the air in dynamic communities.

… A sense of change was in the air in dynamic communities.

C1 – 82 … up in the air
… up in the air
… The decision is still up in the air due to uncertain factors.
… Our plans remain up in the air amid ongoing discussions.
… up in the air is Uncertain; not decided.
… up in the air

/ up in the air

… The decision is still up in the air due to uncertain factors.

/ The decision is still up in the air due to uncertain factors.

… The decision is still up in the air due to uncertain factors.

… Our plans remain up in the air amid ongoing discussions.

/ Our plans remain up in the air amid ongoing discussions.

… Our plans remain up in the air amid ongoing discussions.

C1 – 83 … in jeopardy
… in jeopardy
… The project is in jeopardy after critical failures.
… His position was in jeopardy due to mounting pressure.
… in jeopardy is In danger of being lost or harmed.
… in jeopardy

/ in jeopardy

… The project is in jeopardy after critical failures.

/ The project is in jeopardy after critical failures.

… The project is in jeopardy after critical failures.

… His position was in jeopardy due to mounting pressure.

/ His position was in jeopardy due to mounting pressure.

… His position was in jeopardy due to mounting pressure.

C1 – 84 … at the expense of
… at the expense of
… They expanded at the expense of local communities.
… He succeeded at the expense of personal well-being.
… at the expense of is Causing harm or loss to something else.
… at the expense of

/ at the expense of

… They expanded at the expense of local communities.

/ They expanded at the expense of local communities.

… They expanded at the expense of local communities.

… He succeeded at the expense of personal well-being.

/ He succeeded at the expense of personal well-being.

… He succeeded at the expense of personal well-being.

C1 – 85 … a bone of contention
… a bone of contention
… The rule became a bone of contention in heated debates.
… Funding was a bone of contention among competing groups.
… a bone of contention is A topic people argue about.
… a bone of contention

/ a bone of contention

… The rule became a bone of contention in heated debates.

/ The rule became a bone of contention in heated debates.

… The rule became a bone of contention in heated debates.

… Funding was a bone of contention among competing groups.

/ Funding was a bone of contention among competing groups.

… Funding was a bone of contention among competing groups.

C1 – 86 … a sense of urgency
… a sense of urgency
… The crisis created a sense of urgency in national response.
… Her speech inspired a sense of urgency in collective action.
… a sense of urgency is A feeling that something must be done quickly.
… a sense of urgency

/ a sense of urgency

… The crisis created a sense of urgency in national response.

/ The crisis created a sense of urgency in national response.

… The crisis created a sense of urgency in national response.

… Her speech inspired a sense of urgency in collective action.

/ Her speech inspired a sense of urgency in collective action.

… Her speech inspired a sense of urgency in collective action.

C1 – 87 … by means of
… by means of
… The data was collected by means of systematic analysis.
… They solved the issue by means of innovative methods.
… by means of is Using something as a method.
… by means of

/ by means of

… The data was collected by means of systematic analysis.

/ The data was collected by means of systematic analysis.

… The data was collected by means of systematic analysis.

… They solved the issue by means of innovative methods.

/ They solved the issue by means of innovative methods.

… They solved the issue by means of innovative methods.

C1 – 88 … in relation to
… in relation to
… The results were discussed in relation to broader trends.
… Her work is significant in relation to global challenges.
… in relation to is Concerning; regarding.
… in relation to

/ in relation to

… The results were discussed in relation to broader trends.

/ The results were discussed in relation to broader trends.

… The results were discussed in relation to broader trends.

… Her work is significant in relation to global challenges.

/ Her work is significant in relation to global challenges.

… Her work is significant in relation to global challenges.

C1 – 89 … in proportion to
… in proportion to
… Costs increased in proportion to expanded production.
… The benefits grow in proportion to sustained effort.
… in proportion to is Matching the size or amount of something.
… in proportion to

/ in proportion to

… Costs increased in proportion to expanded production.

/ Costs increased in proportion to expanded production.

… Costs increased in proportion to expanded production.

… The benefits grow in proportion to sustained effort.

/ The benefits grow in proportion to sustained effort.

… The benefits grow in proportion to sustained effort.

C1 – 90 … with a view to
… with a view to
… They acted with a view to long-term stability.
… She invested with a view to future growth.
… with a view to is With the intention of doing something.
… with a view to

/ with a view to

… They acted with a view to long-term stability.

/ They acted with a view to long-term stability.

… They acted with a view to long-term stability.

… She invested with a view to future growth.

/ She invested with a view to future growth.

… She invested with a view to future growth.

C1 – 91 … in pursuit of
… in pursuit of
… He traveled widely in pursuit of academic excellence.
… They worked tirelessly in pursuit of ambitious goals.
… in pursuit of is Trying to achieve something.
… in pursuit of

/ in pursuit of

… He traveled widely in pursuit of academic excellence.

/ He traveled widely in pursuit of academic excellence.

… He traveled widely in pursuit of academic excellence.

… They worked tirelessly in pursuit of ambitious goals.

/ They worked tirelessly in pursuit of ambitious goals.

… They worked tirelessly in pursuit of ambitious goals.

C1 – 92 … to the extent that
… to the extent that
… The plan failed to the extent that essential steps were ignored.
… She improved to the extent that consistent practice allowed.
… to the extent that is As far as something is true.
… to the extent that

/ to the extent that

… The plan failed to the extent that essential steps were ignored.

/ The plan failed to the extent that essential steps were ignored.

… The plan failed to the extent that essential steps were ignored.

… She improved to the extent that consistent practice allowed.

/ She improved to the extent that consistent practice allowed.

… She improved to the extent that consistent practice allowed.

C1 – 93 … to a large extent
… to a large extent
… The success was due to a large extent to strategic planning.
… The outcome was shaped to a large extent by external factors.
… to a large extent is Mostly; largely.
… to a large extent

/ to a large extent

… The success was due to a large extent to strategic planning.

/ The success was due to a large extent to strategic planning.

… The success was due to a large extent to strategic planning.

… The outcome was shaped to a large extent by external factors.

/ The outcome was shaped to a large extent by external factors.

… The outcome was shaped to a large extent by external factors.

C1 – 94 … in the context of
… in the context of
… The issue must be understood in the context of global change.
… Her decision makes sense in the context of historical trends.
… in the context of is Considering the surrounding situation.
… in the context of

/ in the context of

… The issue must be understood in the context of global change.

/ The issue must be understood in the context of global change.

… The issue must be understood in the context of global change.

… Her decision makes sense in the context of historical trends.

/ Her decision makes sense in the context of historical trends.

… Her decision makes sense in the context of historical trends.

C1 – 95 … in the absence of
… in the absence of
… In the absence of reliable data, predictions are risky.
… In the absence of clear rules, confusion spreads.
… in the absence of is Without something.
… in the absence of

/ in the absence of

… In the absence of reliable data, predictions are risky.

/ In the absence of reliable data, predictions are risky.

… In the absence of reliable data, predictions are risky.

… In the absence of clear rules, confusion spreads.

/ In the absence of clear rules, confusion spreads.

… In the absence of clear rules, confusion spreads.

C1 – 96 … in the event of
… in the event of
… In the event of severe weather, the school will close.
… In the event of unexpected failure, backup plans apply.
… in the event of is If something happens.
… in the event of

/ in the event of

… In the event of severe weather, the school will close.

/ In the event of severe weather, the school will close.

… In the event of severe weather, the school will close.

… In the event of unexpected failure, backup plans apply.

/ In the event of unexpected failure, backup plans apply.

… In the event of unexpected failure, backup plans apply.

C1 – 97 … in opposition to
… in opposition to
… They acted in opposition to dominant views.
… The group voted in opposition to controversial reforms.
… in opposition to is Against something.
… in opposition to

/ in opposition to

… They acted in opposition to dominant views.

/ They acted in opposition to dominant views.

… They acted in opposition to dominant views.

… The group voted in opposition to controversial reforms.

/ The group voted in opposition to controversial reforms.

… The group voted in opposition to controversial reforms.

C1 – 98 … in support of
… in support of
… She spoke in support of progressive policies.
… The team acted in support of collective goals.
… in support of is In favor of something.
… in support of

/ in support of

… She spoke in support of progressive policies.

/ She spoke in support of progressive policies.

… She spoke in support of progressive policies.

… The team acted in support of collective goals.

/ The team acted in support of collective goals.

… The team acted in support of collective goals.

C1 – 99 … in compliance with
… in compliance with
… The company acted in compliance with regulatory standards.
… The report was written in compliance with official guidelines.
… in compliance with is Following rules or standards.
… in compliance with

/ in compliance with

… The company acted in compliance with regulatory standards.

/ The company acted in compliance with regulatory standards.

… The company acted in compliance with regulatory standards.

… The report was written in compliance with official guidelines.

/ The report was written in compliance with official guidelines.

… The report was written in compliance with official guidelines.

C1 – 100 … in defiance of
… in defiance of
… He acted in defiance of explicit warnings.
… The protest continued in defiance of strict orders.
… in defiance of is Against or ignoring rules or expectations.
… in defiance of

/ in defiance of

… He acted in defiance of explicit warnings.

/ He acted in defiance of explicit warnings.

… He acted in defiance of explicit warnings.

… The protest continued in defiance of strict orders.

/ The protest continued in defiance of strict orders.

… The protest continued in defiance of strict orders.