Level 09 – Step 10 : Advanced Passive (Causative, Perceptual, and Reported Passive) (She was made to apologise. He was believed to be the best candidate.)
/Level 09 – Step 10 : Advanced Passive (Causative, Perceptual, and Reported Passive) (She was made to apologise. He was believed to be the best candidate.)
🚪 Let’s Begin
/🚪 Let’s Begin
🦉Professor Owl: Today we will look at advanced uses of the passive voice — when we talk about causes, what people see or hear, and what people think or believe.
/🦉Professor Owl: Today we will look at advanced uses of the passive voice — when we talk about causes, what people see or hear, and what people think or believe.
🐧Igupen: So the passive can do more than just change who does the action?
/🐧Igupen: So the passive can do more than just change who does the action?
🦉Professor Owl: Exactly.
/🦉Professor Owl: Exactly.
Passives can show that someone was made to do something, that something was seen or heard, or that people think something is true.
/Passives can show that someone was made to do something, that something was seen or heard, or that people think something is true.
Listen to the patterns and try the examples.
/Listen to the patterns and try the examples.
📚 Lesson
/📚 Lesson
What kinds of advanced passive are we learning?
/What kinds of advanced passive are we learning?
Causative passive (made / had): shows someone was forced or caused to do something.
/Causative passive (made / had): shows someone was forced or caused to do something.
Form: be + made + to + verb.
/Form: be + made + to + verb.
Example: She was made to apologise.
/Example: She was made to apologise.
Perceptual passive (see/hear/watch in passive): shows what someone experienced.
/Perceptual passive (see/hear/watch in passive): shows what someone experienced.
Form: be + past participle (often with ‘seen’/’heard’ etc. in active → passive: was seen doing).
/Form: be + past participle (often with ‘seen’/’heard’ etc. in active → passive: was seen doing).
Example: He was seen leaving the room.
/Example: He was seen leaving the room.
Reported/belief passive (think/believe + to-infinitive / that-clause): shows opinion or report about someone.
/Reported/belief passive (think/believe + to-infinitive / that-clause): shows opinion or report about someone.
Forms: be + believed/reported + to + verb; be + thought + to + verb.
/Forms: be + believed/reported + to + verb; be + thought + to + verb.
Example: He was believed to be the best candidate.
/Example: He was believed to be the best candidate.
How to choose forms simply
/How to choose forms simply
Use causative passive when someone forces or arranges another person to act: was made to + verb.
/Use causative passive when someone forces or arranges another person to act: was made to + verb.
Use perceptual passive to report what somebody saw or heard: was seen/heard + (doing / to have done).
/Use perceptual passive to report what somebody saw or heard: was seen/heard + (doing / to have done).
Use reported passive for beliefs, reports, or judgments: was believed/reported/thought to + verb.
/Use reported passive for beliefs, reports, or judgments: was believed/reported/thought to + verb.
🦉Professor Owl’s one-point tip
/🦉Professor Owl’s one-point tip
Ask: Is the focus on the person who acted, the action being forced, what someone noticed, or what people believe?
/Ask: Is the focus on the person who acted, the action being forced, what someone noticed, or what people believe?
That question helps you pick causative, perceptual, or reported passive.
/That question helps you pick causative, perceptual, or reported passive.
Quick checks inside the lesson
/Quick checks inside the lesson
Causative passive: She was made to apologise. → Focus: someone caused her to apologise.
/Causative passive: She was made to apologise. → Focus: someone caused her to apologise.
Perceptual passive: He was seen leaving. → Focus: someone observed his action.
/Perceptual passive: He was seen leaving. → Focus: someone observed his action.
Reported passive: He was believed to be kind. → Focus: people’s opinion.
/Reported passive: He was believed to be kind. → Focus: people’s opinion.
🌼 Sample Sentences
/🌼 Sample Sentences
No.01 She was made to apologise.
/No.01 She was made to apologise.
No.02 He was believed to be the best candidate.
/No.02 He was believed to be the best candidate.
No.03 The students were heard singing in the hall.
/No.03 The students were heard singing in the hall.
No.04 The vase was found broken this morning.
/No.04 The vase was found broken this morning.
No.05 She was seen talking to the coach after class.
/No.05 She was seen talking to the coach after class.
No.06 The report was said to contain new facts.
/No.06 The report was said to contain new facts.
No.07 He was forced to resign.
/No.07 He was forced to resign.
No.08 The witness was heard to describe the event.
/No.08 The witness was heard to describe the event.
No.09 They were thought to have arrived early.
/No.09 They were thought to have arrived early.
No.10 The manager was persuaded to change the plan.
/No.10 The manager was persuaded to change the plan.
🎓 Practice exercises
/🎓 Practice exercises
Note: Think first, then check the answers.
/Note: Think first, then check the answers.
Q1: Choose the correct passive: “They made her apologise.” → A) She was made apologise. B) She was made to apologise. (Pick A or B.)
/Q1: Choose the correct passive: “They made her apologise.” → A) She was made apologise. B) She was made to apologise. (Pick A or B.)
Q2: Fill in the blank (perceptual passive): “Someone saw him leave the room.” → He _____ leaving the room. (use “was seen”)
/Q2: Fill in the blank (perceptual passive): “Someone saw him leave the room.” → He _____ leaving the room. (use “was seen”)
Q3: Choose the reported passive: “People think she is honest.” → A) She was thought honest. B) She was thought to be honest. (Pick A or B.)
/Q3: Choose the reported passive: “People think she is honest.” → A) She was thought honest. B) She was thought to be honest. (Pick A or B.)
Q4: True or False: Use “was heard singing” to show someone listened to the action.
/Q4: True or False: Use “was heard singing” to show someone listened to the action.
Q5: Rewrite in causative passive: “They forced him to sign the contract.” (start: He …)
/Q5: Rewrite in causative passive: “They forced him to sign the contract.” (start: He …)
Q6: Fill in the blank (reported passive): “It is reported that the treaty failed.” → The treaty _____ to have failed. (use “was reported”)
/Q6: Fill in the blank (reported passive): “It is reported that the treaty failed.” → The treaty _____ to have failed. (use “was reported”)
Q7: Choose the correct perceptual passive: “Witnesses saw the car hit the tree.” → The car _____ to hit the tree. (use “was seen”)
/Q7: Choose the correct perceptual passive: “Witnesses saw the car hit the tree.” → The car _____ to hit the tree. (use “was seen”)
Q8: Fill in the blank: “People believed him to be the winner.” → He _____ to be the winner. (use “was believed”)
/Q8: Fill in the blank: “People believed him to be the winner.” → He _____ to be the winner. (use “was believed”)
Q9: Multiple choice: Which sentence is a causative passive? A) The child was heard crying. B) The child was made to apologise. (Pick A or B.)
/Q9: Multiple choice: Which sentence is a causative passive? A) The child was heard crying. B) The child was made to apologise. (Pick A or B.)
Q10: Rewrite in reported passive: “They think the team will win.” (Start: The team …)
/Q10: Rewrite in reported passive: “They think the team will win.” (Start: The team …)
◆ Answers
/◆ Answers
A1: B
/A1: B
A2: was seen
/A2: was seen
A3: B
/A3: B
A4: True
/A4: True
A5: He was forced to sign the contract.
/A5: He was forced to sign the contract.
A6: was reported
/A6: was reported
A7: was seen
/A7: was seen
A8: was believed
/A8: was believed
A9: B
/A9: B
A10: The team was thought to win.
/A10: The team was thought to win.
🦉 Closing
/🦉 Closing
🦉Professor Owl: Excellent.
/🦉Professor Owl: Excellent.
Remember the focus: causative for caused actions, perceptual for what people observed, and reported for beliefs or reports.
/Remember the focus: causative for caused actions, perceptual for what people observed, and reported for beliefs or reports.
🐧Igupen: I’ll watch for these patterns in news reports and stories — they use reported passive a lot.
/🐧Igupen: I’ll watch for these patterns in news reports and stories — they use reported passive a lot.
🦉Professor Owl: Try making five sentences: one causative passive, two perceptual passives, and two reported passives.
/🦉Professor Owl: Try making five sentences: one causative passive, two perceptual passives, and two reported passives.
Practice will make these structures feel natural.
/Practice will make these structures feel natural.
Keep going — you’re doing very well.
/Keep going — you’re doing very well.
